Over time the icons displayed in your Windows Start menu will become unorganized, making it much more difficult to find a program you may want to run. Below are the steps on how you can sort these icons in an alphabetic order.

1. Click Start, Settings, and then click Taskbar and Start Menu
2. In the Taskbar and Start Menu Properties window click the Start Menu tab
3. Click the Customize button
4. Click the Sort button

Coming from a Microsoft operating system to Linux you may be surprised to see there is not an option for ifconfig to release and renew an IP address. Below are two different methods of how this can be done at the command line.

ifconfig eth0 down

Running the above command would take the eth0 interface (the first network card) down. Which is the same as releasing the IP address from that network card.

ifconfig eth0 up

After the interface is taken down, typing in the above command would bring that interface back up.

If you're uncertain if an e-mail address is case sensitive it's safe to assume it's not.Typically most Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and e-mail servers are not case sensitive. which means INFO@exammaterial.com is the same as info@exammaterial.com. However, the first portion of an e-mail address (alias/username/group) can be case sensitive. This means if the server is case sensitive logins INFO, info, and Info would all be considered different users and each of those users would have different e-mail addresses.

Either convert them to conform to some new document type (with or without a DTD or Schema) and write a stylesheet to go with them; or edit them to conform to XHTML.
It is necessary to convert existing HTML files because XML does not permit end-tag minimisation (missing
, etc), unquoted attribute values, and a number of other SGML shortcuts which have been normal in most HTML DTDs. However, many HTML authoring tools already produce almost (but not quite) well-formed XML.
You may be able to convert HTML to XHTML using the Dave Raggett's HTML Tidy program, which can clean up some of the formatting mess left behind by inadequate HTML editors, and even separate out some of the formatting to a stylesheet, but there is usually still some hand-editing to do.

All white-space, including linebreaks, TAB characters, and normal spaces, even between ‘structural’ elements where no text can ever appear, is passed by the parser unchanged to the application (browser, formatter, viewer, converter, etc), identifying the context in which the white-space was found (element content, data content, or mixed content, if this information is available to the parser, eg from a DTD or Schema). This means it is the application's responsibility to decide what to do with such space, not the parser's:
* insignificant white-space between structural elements (space which occurs where only element content is allowed, ie between other elements, where text data never occurs) will get passed to the application (in SGML this white-space gets suppressed, which is why you can put all that extra space in HTML documents and not worry about it)
* significant white-space (space which occurs within elements which can contain text and markup mixed together, usually mixed content or PCDATA) will still get passed to the application exactly as under SGML. It is the application's responsibility to handle it correctly.
The parser must inform the application that white-space has occurred in element content, if it can detect it. (Users of SGML will recognize that this information is not in the ESIS, but it is in the Grove.)

<chapter>
<title>
My title for
Chapter 1.
</title>
<para>
text
</para>
</chapter>

In the example above, the application will receive all the pretty-printing linebreaks, TABs, and spaces between the elements as well as those embedded in the chapter title. It is the function of the application, not the parser, to decide which type of white-space to discard and which to retain. Many XML applications have configurable options to allow programmers or users to control how such white-space is handled.

Reverse Command :Reverse N Lines : if there is not enough space left on the current page for atleast n lines it starts a new page

RESERVE
If insufficient space is there for listing output reserve statement encounters NEW-PAGE.But before going to new page it processes END-OF-PAGE.

Both cable and DSL connections are significantly faster than dial-up modem connections. However, there is often debate over which is the fastest of the two.

Cable and DSL modems are typically external devices that connect to your computer's Ethernet port. However, a cable modem connects to cable wiring (the same connection used for cable TV), while a DSL modem connects to a phone jack (used for a regular phone line). While these are significantly different connections, they both provide the same "always-on" Internet access for your computer.

Both cable and DSL Internet connections have increased in speed over the last few years. As of early 2005, a typical cable connection supports speeds of 2 to 3 Mbps (Megabits per second), while a typical DSL connection supports speeds of 768 Kbps (Kilobits per second) to 1.5 Mbps. This means cable modems usually have the capability to be faster than DSL modems.

However, a cable modem shares bandwidth with other computers in the area that also have cable Internet connections. If there are many people in your neighborhood that use the same cable service, it is likely your data transfer speeds will be reduced. DSL, on the other hand, is a direct line to the phone company, and therefore is not affected by other users. So DSL generally offers a more consistent speed.

That being said, I have tried both services and found that cable Internet service is faster. I have achieved speeds of 4.3 Mbps with the Time Warner cable connection, while I have not seen anything higher than 1.5 Mbps with the Qwest DSL connection. Also, I have not noticed the cable modem bandwidth drop significantly at busy times of the day, though my transfer rates are definitely faster at night than during the afternoon.

From my experience, cable is faster than DSL. Though I should note that DSL companies offer a number of different connection speeds for different prices. If you are already paying for a phone a phone line, a DSL connection may be $15 to $25 cheaper a month than cable Internet service. However, if you don't have a land line (and just use a cell phone), cable is most likely the best choice.

It seems like it happens all too often. The person who sent you an e-mail forgot to attach the document they said they are attaching. In fact, most of us have probably found ourselves clicking the "Send" button a bit prematurely at one time or another.

While I am not aware of any any official terms for forgotten attachments, here are a few options that came to mind:

mistachment
nontachment
untachment
vaporfile
d'oh! document

These are three different ways of communicating with other people over the Internet. To answer your question, I'll explain each method individually.

A Global Inbox is an e-mail feature that consolidates the Inboxes of several e-mail accounts. For example, a user may have three different e-mail accounts, such as a work account, home account, and a free Yahoo! Mail account. A global inbox would store the messages from all three accounts in a single inbox.

E-mail programs like Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird allow users to select the "Global Inbox" option within the program's preferences. If this option is selected, all incoming e-mails will be saved in a universal mailbox, making it easy to view all the messages at one time. However, this can also make it difficult to determine which address each message was sent to. Fortunately, you can still check the "To:" field in each message's header to see which account received the message.

Apple's Mac OS X Mail program lists individual Inboxes by default, but also displays a Global Inbox at the top of the list. The user can select this Inbox to view an aggregate of all messages received by the mail program.

E-mail can be sent in either plain text or HTML-formatted. So what exactly does that mean? Well, originally, e-mail was based on just straight text. What you typed was what you saw. With the new HTML-formatted e-mails, you can include pictures, hyperlinks, and other web page characteristics in your e-mails. It's almost like composing a web page within an e-mail message. Unfortunately, if the person you are sending an HTML-formatted message to is using an e-mail program that doesn't support HTML, they'll get a message with a lot of HTML tags (, ,  , etc.) scattered throughout the text. The good news is that most e-mail programs default to the plain text format as long as you don't include any pictures, or other HTML elements.

To check your e-mail program's settings, check the Options or Preferences and look for the "Formatting" section. This should tell you how your outgoing messages are being formatted. If there is no such option, you can be pretty sure that you're only sending plain text messages.

A virus is a program or file which can do a variety of harmful things to your computer. Things like causing your computer to crash, creating tons of random files, or worse yet, deleting files. Most viruses can replicate themselves, which can be a big problem if they get on a computer network.

To protect yourself from viruses you should make sure you have an anti-virus program installed on your computer such as Symantec Anti-Virus, or McAfee Virus Scan. The most common way to get a computer virus is through an e-mail attachment. So it's best to not open any file that is questionable until you find out for sure that it's safe.

ICS stands for "Internet Connection Sharing" and ICF stands for "Internet Connection Firewall."

Internet Connection Sharing is where two or more computers share the same Internet connection. An Internet Connection Firewall is a Windows XP-specific feature that monitors and limits incoming Internet traffic. ICS and ICF can be enabled independently, which means you can have ICF turned on and ICS off, or vice versa.

If you are sharing an Internet connection, ICF should only be enabled for the computer or router that is directly connected to your Internet connection. It should not be configured for each computer on the network. If you only have one computer connected to the Internet, you can enable ICF directly on that machine and ICS is not needed. The ICS/ICF status refers to whether or not either of the two options have been turned on.

For help configuring ICS and ICF, you can view Microsoft's online documentation:

Setting up Internet Connection Sharing | Setting up the Internet Connection Firewall