XHTML Interview Questions and Answers

Answer - 21 : - As XHTML is an XML application, you will benefit from developments in the XML world. For example XML tools such as editors, converters, browsers, etc. can be used with XHTML resources. In addition there are developments to the XML family of protocols and formats which will provide additional functionality for XHTML. Attributes values must be in double or single quotes

becomes
or
Every element must have an end tag, even when it doesn't really matter.
becomes
For compatibility with older browsers its best to put a single space before the '/'. Some browsers have trouble with "

" so its best to use "
" How to convert most HTML pages to XHTML. 1. Heading lines at top At the beginning of documents we need to include a few lines: The location of the dtd allows validating parsers to check the document. Most browsers will ignore these tags. Every attribute must have a value
decline becomes
decline
Question - 22 : - What the benefits of XHTML are?

Answer - 22 : - As XHTML is an XML application, you will benefit from developments in the XML world. For example XML tools such as editors, converters, browsers, etc. can be used with XHTML resources. In addition there are developments to the XML family of protocols and formats which will provide additional functionality for XHTML. Attributes values must be in double or single quotes

becomes
or
Every element must have an end tag, even when it doesn't really matter.
becomes
For compatibility with older browsers its best to put a single space before the '/'. Some browsers have trouble with "

" so its best to use "
" How to convert most HTML pages to XHTML. 1. Heading lines at top At the beginning of documents we need to include a few lines: The location of the dtd allows validating parsers to check the document. Most browsers will ignore these tags. Every attribute must have a value
decline becomes
decline
Question - 23 : - How W3Schools Was Converted To XHTML ?

Answer - 23 : - W3Schools was converted from HTML to XHTML. To convert a Web site from HTML to XHTML, you should be familiar with the XHTML syntax rules. Your pages must have a DOCTYPE declaration if you want them to validate as correct XHTML. The following DOCTYPE declaration was added as the first line of every page: Be aware however, that newer browsers might treat your document differently depending on the declaration. If the browser reads a document with a DOCTYPE, it might treat the document as "correct". Malformed XHTML might fall over and display differently than without a DOCTYPE. Lower Case Tag And Attribute Names Since XHTML is case sensitive, and since XHTML only accepts lower case HTML tags and attribute names, a general search and replace function was executed to replace all upper case tags with lowercase tags. The same was done for attribute names. We have always tried to use lower case names in our Web, so the replace function did not produce many real substitutions. All Attributes Were Quoted Since the W3C XHTML 1.0 Recommendation states that all attribute values must be quoted, every page in the web was checked to see that attributes values were properly quoted. This was a time-consuming job, and we will surely never again forget to put quotes around our attribute values. Empty Tags:

---

,
and Empty tags are not allowed in XHTML. The

---

and
tags should be replaced with

---

and
. This produced a problem with Netscape that misinterpreted the
tag. We don't know why, but changing it to
worked fine. After that discovery, a general search and replace function was executed to swap the tags. A few other tags (like the tag) were suffering from the same problem as above. We decided not to close the tags with , but with /> at the end of the tag. This was done manually. The Web Site Was Validated After that, all pages were validated against the official W3C DTD with this link: XHTML Validator. A few more errors were found and edited manually. The most common error was missing &l
Question - 24 : - What XHTML does it stand for? How is if different from HTML? Who developed it? ?

Answer - 24 : - XHTML stands for "Extensible HyperText Markup Language". It was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and is now a W3C Recommendation. XHTML is a reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0. This means that the benefits provided by XML will be available to XHTML.

Question - 25 : - How does HTML differ from XHTML ?

Answer - 25 : - XHTML has a small number of differences. The most noticeable being the requirement for elements to be lowercase (e.g.

and not

) and elements to be closed (e.g. paragraphs must end with a

).
Question - 26 : - Why to type a tags in uppercase, and never bother closing the paragraphs ?

Answer - 26 : - For reasons on internationalisation XML elements are case sensitive. A choice had to be made, and lowercase won on the day. Tags may not overlap This is emphasized text and bold text becomes This is emphasized text is bold text Only certain tags may nest inside other tags Looking at the dtd for xhtml, the definition of the "ol" element is: This implies that an order list, "ol", element may not contain paragraph tags or body text, just list items.

These are some of my favorite animals:
1. octopus
2. shrew
3. lemur
and my most favorite
4. meerkats
becomes

These are some of my favorite animals:

1. octopus
2. shrew
3. lemur
4. meerkats
 
Question - 27 : - Why to use XHTML?

Answer - 27 : -

XHTML is more formal and stricter version of HTML. i.e.


• It has properly nested elements.
• All XHTML elements must always be closed.
• All XHTML elements must be written in lower case.
• Every XHTML document must have one root element.
That is the reason behind its preferences over HTML because; most of the web pages contain bad HTML.


Question - 28 : - What is the difference between XHTML and HTML?

Answer - 28 : -

There are some changes in XHTML as compared to HTML:
• All documents must have a DOCTYPE.
• The xmlns attribute in is mandatory and must specify the xml namespace for the document.
• , ,